Ø
Objectives
Ø
Premises
Ø
Alternatives
Ø
Evaluation
Ø
Decision
Making
Ø
Implementation
D1.P1.3
General Principles applied to Distribution Planning
DI.P1.4
The Distribution Design & Planning Process
Ø
Technical
Design
Ø
Physical
Planning
Ø
Costing
Ø
Terms
& Condition, Connection Agreements
Ø
D & P
Programme
D1.P2.1
Technical Design
Ø
Thermal
Ratings
Ø
Voltage
Regulation
Ø
Quality
of Supply
Ø
Excess
Current and Earth Fault Protection
Ø
Calculations
and Models
Ø
Low
Voltage Regulation (volt drop) – 3 Phase – Single Phase
Ø
ADMD
Ø
Loss of
Diversity
Ø
Unbalance
Factors
D1.P3.1
The Distribution Code
Ø
Mandatory
Ø
Distribution
Planning & Connection Code (DPC)
Ø
Distribution
Operating Code (DOC)
Ø
Distribution
Data Registration Code (DDRC)
Ø
Annex 1
of Distribution Code
Ø
E.R.P. 28
– Planning Limits for Voltage Fluctuations
Ø
E.R.G 5/3
– Limits for Harmonic Distortion
Ø
E.R.P. 29
– Planning Limits for Voltage Unbalance
Ø
E.R.P.
2/5 – Security of Supply
Ø
Annex 1
of Distribution Code
Ø
Fault
Levels
Ø
Earthing
Issues at Substations including rise of Potential
D1.P4.1
Exercise/Worked Example
Ø
Voltage
Limits
Ø
Voltage
Control by AVR Devices
Ø
Voltage
Control by Planning Limits
Ø
Allocation
of available Band-width
Ø
Primitive
Model Update
Ø
Low
Voltage Regulation on Rural Networks
D2.P2.2
Design Calculations Part 3
Ø
Voltage
Fluctuations (flicker) using the methods in E.R.P.28
Ø
P28 using
Single Phase Low Voltage Resistive Load
Ø
P 28
Motor Start Example
D2.P3.1
Physical Planning
Ø
Route
Selection
Ø
Site
Selection
Ø
Planning
Consents
Ø
Wayleaves
Ø
Designated
Areas
Ø
The
Modern Predicament
Ø
C.D.M.
Ø
Work
Planning
Ø
Standard
Cost Estimating
Ø
Prime
Cost for Material and Labour hours
Ø
Overhead
Cost Recovery
Ø
Repairs
and Maintenance Costs
Ø
Computerised
Estimating Schedule
Ø
Basic
Schedule on Spreadsheet (Logistics)
Ø
Budget
Quote for non-standard items
D2.P4.1
Plant Ordering
Ø
Specification
Ø
Competitive
Tenders
Ø
Lead
Times
***************
Ø Review of Primitive Model
Ø
Common
Base
Ø
Voltage
Levels
Ø
Useful
Expressions
D3.P1.4
Transformer Models
Ø
Impedance
Models
Ø
AVR
Ø High Voltage Regulation & Control
Ø Worked example
Ø
Through-fault
Currents and their Magnitude
Ø
Synchronous
Fault Level
Ø
Fault
Levels expressed in MVA or kA
Ø
Design
Limits and typical values on the Primitive Model
Ø
Types of
Fault
Ø
Fault
Level expressed as Impedance (with voltage behind)
Ø
X/R
values
Ø
Driving
the Primitive Model
Ø
Let’s
not call it Primitive any more
D3.P3.1
Design Calculations Part 5
Ø
Simple
(balance 3Ph) fault level calculation
Ø
Worked
example
Ø
Commentary
only on method of network sequence components
Ø
E.R.P29
again
Ø
Expressing
Magnitude of Unbalance
Ø
Useful
(approximate) Calculation Technique
Ø
Circuit
Breaking Duty
Ø
Circuit
Making Duty
Ø
Transient
Fault Level
Ø
Spinning
Load
Ø
IEC 909
***************
Ø
Define
Objectives with Customer and Quantify
Ø
Charges
related to MD and Allowances
Ø
Contracted
Period
Ø
Agree
Level of Security being offered to Individual Customer
Ø
Discuss
and Adopt Realistic Programme Date early on
Ø
Offer
Various Alternatives
Ø
Agree
Payment Stage(s)
Ø
Continually
review progress through D&P Process Programme
Ø
Developments
in the Connections Business
Ø
Competition
Ø
Point of
Connection
Ø
Existing
Circuit Capacity
Ø
Contestable
Connection work
Ø
Non-Contestable
work
Ø
Approved
Installers (Lloyds Register)
Ø
Joint
Construction & Adoption Agreements
Ø
Know the
Distribution Code before saying ‘No’
Ø
The
Connection Liaison Role
Ø
Design
Approval
Ø
Specification
D4.P2.1
Security of Supply
Ø
Alternative
Supplies
Ø
Reliability
Studies
Ø
Summary
of E.R.P. 2/5
Ø
Basic
Protection
Ø
Fault
Level throughout Network
Ø
Protective
Device Settings for Discrimination
Ø
Through
Fault Duty on Components
Ø
Reference
to Earth Mandatory – Supply Regs
Ø
HV
Networks – single point reference
Ø
LV
Networks – multiple point earthing
Ø
Common HV/LV
earth
Ø
Earth
electrodes – Soil Resistivity – Resistance to Earth
Ø
Earth
Fault Loops – HV and LV
Ø
Limiting
Magnitude of Earth Fault Current
Ø
Rise of
Potential at Substations – Hot sites
Ø
Step and
Touch Voltages
Ø
Rise of
Potential during HV Fault
Ø
Earth
Fault Current in Transformer LV tails
Ø
Variable
Ø
Fixed
Ø
Magnitude
Ø
Cost
Ø
Cash Flow
Ø
Pay Back
Period
Ø
Present
Worth
Ø
DCF
Ø
Appraisal
of Competing Options
D4.P4.1
Review of Design Calculations Required
Ø
Voltage
Regulation and Control – can be an iterative process
Ø
Load
Sharing of Parallel Circuits – messy by hand above two circuits
Ø
Loss
Calculation – very messy by hand over extended irregular load distribution
Ø
Thermal
Loadings
Ø
Fault
Level Studies for Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Faults
Ø
Connecting
Impedance
Ø
Reliability
Studies
Ø
DINIS
Ø
Instant
Access to Models of Existing Network
Ø
Easy
Construction of Option Models
Ø
High
Level Mathematical Equations solved for you
Ø
Rapid
Solutions
Ø
But you
need to understand power systems before you can use it!
Ø
If you
ain’t got DINIS
Ø
Spread
Sheet Models soon pay back set-up effort
***************
Ø
Determination
of Point(s) of Connection
Ø
Capacity
of existing (adjacent) Circuits
Ø
Ring-fencing
Connection from Reinforcement
Ø
ADMD
Ø
Substations
– number and location
Ø
HV
Network
Ø
LV mains
& services: Remember Protection, Flicker, Thermal & Regulation (PFTR)
Ø
Xmas
Trees
D5.P2.1
Industrial Connections
Ø
Review
Terms & Conditions
Ø
Review
Quality of Supply Issues
Ø
Review
Security of Supply Issues
Ø
PFTR as
always
Ø
Fault
Level Contribution from Spinning Load
Ø
Joint use
Substations and Switchboards
Ø
Ownership
Boundary
Ø
Control
Boundary
Ø
ET
D5.P3.1
Network Reinforcement (and asset replacement)
Ø
Need to
Monitor Network Performance and to keep pace with load growth and age
Ø
Load
Planning Estimates used as Overview
Ø
Automatic
Data Collection (SCADA) and Alarms
Ø
Add Load
Enquiries
Ø
Voltage
Complaints
Ø
Quality
of Supply Complaints
Ø
Interruption
to Supply Complaints
Ø
NAFIR
Reports
Ø
Local
Plans published by Local Authorities
BREAK
***********************
********************************
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